Эволюция доктрины объективности  в американской журналистике второй половины ХХ века: от Маккарти к Уотергейту

Vitaliy M. Vinichenko

doi:10.52575/2712-7451-2025-44-4-637-647

Authors

Vitaliy M. Vinichenko Southern Federal University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52575/2712-7451-2025-44-4-637-647

Keywords:

objectivity, news, American journalism, cultural capital, strategic ritual, credibility gap, Watergate

Abstract

The doctrine of objectivity, which emerged in the 1920s, serves as a cornerstone of American journalism, allowing it to claim audience trust and independence from centers of political and economic power. However, just four decades later, under the influence of criticism from American politicians, journalists, and sociologists, it underwent its first substantial revision. This process has been largely unnoted in the works of Soviet and Russian researchers; therefore, this study aims to analyze the changes the doctrine of objectivity underwent in the 1950s–1980s. It is concluded that the reevaluation of the doctrine of objectivity by a new generation of American journalists led to it being supplemented with a critical attitude towards the official wisdom of all branches of power on the part of reporters, which naturally resulted in such landmark events of the 20th century as the publication of the Pentagon Papers and Watergate.

Author Biography

Vitaliy M. Vinichenko, Southern Federal University

Candidate of Philology, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Journalism, Southern Federal University,
Rostov-on-Don, Russia
E-mail: vitalyv@sfedu.ru

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