Native and Borrowed Vocabulary in the Proper Names of Commercial Objects of the City Space

Abstract

The article deals with the problem of origin and functioning of one of the groups of proper names – commercial ergonyms – in the modern urban discourse. The proper names of commercial organizations are considered as a language material. They include different nominations, such as the names of hotel and restaurant services, names of travel companies, names of shops, shopping centers and shopping malls, etc. All ergonyms were divided by origin into two main groups: ergonyms created on the basis of foreign language vocabulary and ergonyms created on the basis of native vocabulary. The analysis of the language material allowed us to identify the most common ways of creating commercial ergonyms, among which the lexical borrowing is the most productive. Most ergonyms derived from foreign language vocabulary are formed on the basis of lexical units borrowed from the English language, among other productive languages-sources of borrowing are French, Italian, Spanish, Latin, Greek. There are both names that involve only one language (Russian or English, as well as some other languages), and names that are a combination of language units from several (two or more) languages. Among them there are transliterated, non-transliterated lexical units, units combining the original and borrowed words, as well as units with mixed graphic design.